A relationship with the Earth where natural resources are harvested based on their desirability and value in global markets and turned into capital gain (see Prieto; Hern and Johal; and McCallum). Rooted in the capitalist logic of perpetual growth, extractivism nevertheless has to contend with the reality of finite resources (see Cochrane), and remains highly controversial for its tendency to destroy Indigenous lands, exploit labour, and contaminate the environment.