Refers to facts, statistics, calculations, characters, and other coded information that can be measured, collected, recorded, stored, transmitted, processed, or analyzed. Data is typically gathered through observation and used as the basis for shaping algorithms, guiding natural language processing, programming image and video recognition, designing artificial intelligence, and so forth. Though often framed as objective units of information, data relies on human intervention (see Algorithm, Logics of Sense). In spite of the typical association of data with hi-tech practices like AI or Machine Learning, many have pointed out longer histories of information-gathering with dubious ethics and guardianship practices. Because of this, calls for new forms of data ethics, governance, and sovereignty, are often rooted in feminist and anti-racist methods (see Running with Concepts: The Mediatic Edition; see Sovereignty, Protocol, Collection).